Myanmar is considered one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world, ranking sixth in the WorldRiskIndex 2024 Report. [1] The climate crisis has already contributed to more frequent and severe disasters in Myanmar, including cyclones, floods, and droughts. Projections for 2050 remain concerning, with anticipated temperature increases of 1.3°C–2.7°C on average and up to 3°C in the eastern and northern hilly regions. The number of hot days (>38°C) is expected to rise from the current 1 day per month to between 4 and 17 days per month. Additionally, the monsoon season, responsible for 75–90% of the country’s rainfall, has been shortening due to both late onset and early withdrawal. Sea level rise projections range from 20 to 41 cm by mid-century (2050). This will have devastating impacts in Myanmar, where approximately 40% of the population resides in low-lying and coastal regions, making them particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change.

In 2024, the country faced significant extreme weather events, notably Typhoon Yagi in September, which led to severe flooding and landslides. The cumulative effect of these events has exacerbated Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis, with escalating needs amid ongoing conflict, recurrent monsoon flooding, and record-high displacement. Climate change poses significant threats across various sectors, including biodiversity, ecosystem services, health, agriculture, fisheries, water resources, energy, shelter, and infrastructure.

The ongoing political unrest and increasing poverty further undermine communities’ ability to respond to and recover from climate risks. Within this context of protracted polycrisis, Myanmar’s vulnerability to climate change is deepening, highlighting the urgent need for integrated and inclusive adaptation and mitigation strategies that safeguard people, ecosystems, and livelihoods, while fostering long-term resilience.

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